Perform hand hygiene after coughing or sneezing or coming into contact with respiratory secretions.Maintain a distance of 3–6 feet from others while coughing or sneezing.Cover the mouth when coughing or sneezing.Definition: practices used to control the transmission of respiratory infections (e.g., influenza, COVID-19).Hand rubs are quicker to use, more effective, and less irritating to the skin than handwashing. When using any hand hygiene method, pay particular attention to the fingertips, thumbs, and the spaces between the fingers.Īlcohol-based hand rubs are preferred unless hands are visibly soiled or if there has been contact with spore-forming pathogens. Use the towel or elbows to turn off the sink faucets.Dry the hands completely with a disposable towel.Rub the hands together vigorously for at least 15–20 seconds before rinsing.Apply enough soap or hand wash to cover all surfaces of the hands.Cover all surfaces of the hands and rub them together for at least 20–30 seconds until dry.Apply a palmful of alcohol-based hand rub onto dry skin.Plain soap (nonantiseptic and nonantimicrobial).Physically removes contaminants from hands.Physically removes contaminants from the hands.Reduces the number of transient flora and inhibits further growth on the hands.Reduces the number of live bacteria and inhibits further growth on the hands.Hygienic hand wash ( antiseptic handwashing) Use skin care products (e.g., moisturizers, emollients) regularly.Use alcohol-based rubs when possible to minimize handwashing.Hand care: to prevent occupational irritant contact dermatitis.Provide alcohol-based hand rubs at hand hygiene stations.Increase the number of hand hygiene stations and visual reminders (e.g., posters) and provide them at easily accessible locations.Repeat training sessions on hand hygiene frequently to increase situational awareness.Implement real-time feedback loops, in which designated hand hygiene observers or electronic hand hygiene systems monitor compliance and provide immediate feedback (e.g., verbal feedback on improper technique, real-time data visualization of each hospital floor's hand hygiene process measures ).Measures to increase hand hygiene compliance: The most effective measures to increase hand hygiene compliance are based on human factors engineering strategies.Lack of a safety culture at the workplace.Intolerance or aversion to certain disinfectant formulations.Poor situational awareness of the instances when hand hygiene should be performed.Before eating and after using the restroom.Following exposure to spore-forming bacteria.Handling medication, syringes, invasive equipment, and infusions.Moving from contaminated to clean body sites on the same patient.Contact with each patient and/or their immediate environment.If hands are not soiled, use alcohol-based hand rub before and after the following:. Handwashing with soap and water: preferred method for soiled hands.Antiseptic (most often alcohol based) hand rub: preferred method for unsoiled hands.Definition: practices used to minimize pathogens on the hands of HCP.Therefore, hospital-specific protocols should always be consulted. Some of the recommendations outlined in this article to prevent specific HAIs may differ depending on local infection patterns and between institutions. Specific protocols exist to reduce the risk of health care-associated infections ( HAIs), which are often associated with the use of indwelling devices such as urinary catheters. Any HCP who have been exposed to an infectious pathogen should seek immediate advice from their occupational health department to prevent the development of infection and/or reduce the risk of further transmission. HCP may be exposed to infectious pathogens, either through insufficient use of isolation precautions or a breach of personal protective equipment (e.g., a needlestick injury). Community-based precautions are utilized for notifiable diseases and during epidemic and pandemic disease outbreaks. Standard precautions include hand hygiene and routine cleaning and disinfection of devices and surfaces. The most commonly used methods include standard precautions, which are a universal set of precautions that should be taken with all patients, and isolation precautions, which are designed to break the chain of infection for specific infectious diseases. Health care-based infection prevention and control programs aim to reduce the spread of infections between patients and health care personnel ( HCP).
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